国酒茅台  
 
   
公司介绍/the Company

国酒茅台/Moutai history

 

  茅台古镇一带早在公元前135年(西汉建元六年)就生产出令汉武帝“甘美之”的枸酱酒,这便是酱香型白酒茅台酒的前身。随着生产的发展和销量的增加,枸酱酒逐渐由家酿变为专门的作坊酿制,酒名也由枸酱改为“茅台烧”、“回沙茅台”、“回沙大曲”,最后才以产地定为“茅台酒”。
  古茅台一带所产的酒在西汉时期就作为贡品供皇帝饮用或地方官僚享用,但由于交通不便规模一直很小。乾隆年间开修赤水河航道,茅台成为川盐运黔的集散地,频繁的盐业运输,促进了赤水河两岸经济的繁荣,刺激了酿造业的发展和酿酒技术的提高。茅台酒独特的回沙工艺在这个时候基本形成,贵州茅台酒的美名也开始流传。对此,清代诗人郑珍曾写道:“酒冠黔人国,盐登赤虺河”。
  茅台最早的酿酒作坊是“大和烧房”,这以后的发展主要有三家作坊,最先开设的是“成义烧房”,其酒俗称“华茅”;其次是“荣和烧房”、“恒兴烧房”,其酒俗称“王茅”、“赖茅”。据清道光《遵义府志》记载:清代中期,“茅台有烧房不下20家,所费山粮不下两万石”。到1840年,茅台酒年产量已达170吨。
  1915年,在旧金山举行的巴拿马万国博览会上,中国代表怒掷酒瓶,勾魂摄魄的馨香征服了所有评委,使茅台酒获金奖,与法国的科涅克白兰地、英国的苏格兰威士忌并称为世界三大蒸馏名酒。
  新中国成立后,茅台酒沐浴着共和国的阳光茁壮成长,并以其厚重的历史文化积淀和超群卓绝的品质,在共和国的政治、经济、外交舞台上发挥着特殊的作用。

(二). 得天独厚的酿造环境
  茅台镇位于贵州省仁怀市城西的赤水河东岸,处于东经106°22″,北纬27°51″,海拔423米,面积8平方公里,依山近水。
  茅台地区的紫色钙质土壤全国少有,形成时间已超过7000万年,主要是侏罗白垩系紫色砂页岩、砾岩,渗水性良好,地面水和地下水通过红壤层,层层过滤流入赤水河中,加之在茅台镇河段上游几十公里,还有泉井、矿泉、温泉、瀑布数十处之多,所以河水含有多种对人体有益的成分,爽口微甜,煮沸后不浑浊、无沉淀,总硬度为9.46,PH值为7-7.8,钙镁离子含量、硬度均符合优质饮用水标准,也保证了酿制美酒良好的水源。
  流经茅台镇的赤水河发源于云南省镇雄县,两岸海拔大都在1000米以上,到了茅台镇一带,河谷却陡然陷落,海拔仅在400米左右,地势低凹,加之茅台镇四面环山,所以形成一个相对封闭的小环境,冬暖夏热,风微雨少,气候闷热,使得环境中多种微生物能有效生存并大量繁衍,加之酿酒活动在这一地区数千年传承不息,以致茅台镇方圆数公里内,长年都笼罩在浓郁的芳香之中,从根本上决定了茅台酒无须靠添加物质以提高香味成份。
  由于茅台酒销路好、利润高,清末以来许多资本家都企图仿制,但都未成功而相继倒闭。   上世纪70年代,为实现毛主席将茅台酒搞到1万吨的指示,由方毅副总理牵头,在名城遵义市郊,原封不动地搬去茅台酒的技术人员、全套工艺、曲药……乃至窖泥,试验了整整10年,可是,产出的酒仍与茅台酒相去甚远。而遵义与茅台,相距仅100余公里。
  “离开茅台镇,就产不出茅台酒”现已成为世界酒文化的一个传奇。

(三). 特殊的生产工艺
  茅台酒的酿造工艺是所有白酒中最特殊的。千百年来,茅台人顺应自然规律,创造了一整套在中国白酒乃至世界酒类生产中独一无二的生产工艺。
  按节气生产。即端午踩曲、重阳下沙投料,一年一个生产周期。
  堆积发酵。这是茅台酒酿造工艺的一个精妙之处。在发酵过程中,环境中的微生物被充分网络到曲醅和酒醅里参与发酵,从而使得茅台酒香气成份多种多样,酒体香而不艳、酒度低而不淡、丰满醇厚。
  高温酿制。这是使茅台酒酱香突出的重要环节。生产中无处不在的高温工艺,高温制曲、高温润粮、高温堆积、高温入池、高温接酒,确保了高沸点物质被保存,低沸点物质被挥发,令酒体变得醇和而绵软。
  “四低”工艺。即曲药低糖化率、低水分入池、低出酒率、低酒精浓度等一系列工艺,使茅台酒用曲量大、粮耗高,出酒率大约只有75%左右,进一步保证酒的质量。
  独特的回沙技术和复杂的工艺过程。同一批原料,要经过九次蒸煮(烤酒)、八次加曲、八次堆积发酵、八次入池发酵、七次取酒。并且,在每一次酒醅入窖前还要喷洒一次尾酒,形成了独特的以酒养糟回沙技术。
  “如今,在世界名酒之乡法国,白兰地和葡萄酒的酿造,都学习并吸取了茅台酒的发酵与回沙技术。”(注③)

Moutai
Moutai, beyond dispute, is the most famous Chinese liquor, It is produced in a town called Moutai (also spelling in a way of Maotai now), in the city of Renhuai, Guizhou (used to be in spelling of Kweichew) province, SW China.

Since 1915, Moutai had won the gold medal in the Panama Expo held in San Francisco, and it has been awarded over 250 gold medals and highest prizes in varies expos, completions, fairs and contests within 20~21 centry abroad and home.

It is believed that the town of Moutai possesses a unique climate and vegetation that contributes to the taste of the drink. Moutai style, which is classified as "Moutai-fllavour” or “sauce-flavoured" because it offers an exceptionally pure, mild, and mellow soy sauce-like fragrance that lingers after it is consumed, is distilled from fermented sorghum and now comes in different versions ranging in alcohol content from the standard 53% vol by volume down to 35% vol, which has earned the brand as one of the tops in China .

The Moutai of today originated during the Western Han Dynasty in 135 B.C. In the duration of China’s last empire - Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), greatly appreciated by the emperors and the noble society, Moutai became the first Chinese liquor to be produced in large-scale production with an annual output of more 170 tons.

Moutai is the first liquor of China won international fame when winning a gold medal at the 1915 Panama Exposition in San Francisco. In addition, Moutai was also named the national liquor since 1951, two years after the founding of People's Republic of China. Moutai was also claimed two gold medals separately at the Paris International Exposition in 1985 and 1986. Moutai has won 14 international awards and 20 domestic awards in the past 30 years, out of a total more than 250 awards in 20-21 century.

Moutai has been used on official occasions in feasts with foreign heads of state and distinguished guests visiting China. It is the only alcoholic beverage presented as an official gift by Chinese embassies in foreign countries and regions. Moutai received additional exposure in China and abroad when the late Zhou Enlai used the liquor to entertain Richard Nixon during the state reception banquet for the U.S. presidential visit to China in 1972. It is one of China's official state banquet liquors and together with whisky and cognac, claims to be one of the world's three best-known liquors. Moutai current sells to over 100 countries and regions across the world.